Resumo Introdução O câncer de próstata é um problema de saúde pública, a neoplasia mais comumente diagnosticada e segunda causa de morte nos homens. Pouco se sabe sobre este problema na população indígena, portanto, os conhecimentos atuais são exigentes na prevenção primária. Objetivo analisar a prevalência de sintomas de próstata e fatores de risco em varões indígenas, Centro, Tabasco. Material e Métodos estudo descritivo correlacionado, desenho transversal, amostra de 281 homens da etnia chontal com 40 anos ou mais das comunidades; Tamulté de las Sabanas, Aniceto e Tocoalt. Foram utilizados o questionário de sintomas da próstata e a entrevista de fatores de risco. Resultados 52.7% sem escolaridade, 47.7% são camponeses, idade média de 55 anos, 16.7% com sintomas de próstata moderados a graves. Fatores de risco; 44.5% médio y 55.5% alto risco. O teste qui-quadrado de Pearson entre a variável idade e sintomas de próstata teve uma associação de p=.000. Um valor de p=.166 entre idade e os fatores de risco; homens menores de idade apresentaram mais fatores de risco. Nenhum realizou os exames de detecção abrangente. Discussão e conclusões coincide com outros estudos a prevalência de sintomas de próstata em idosos, é preocupante a prevalência de fatores de risco em todos os participantes, o mesmo que foi observado em homens com diagnóstico de câncer de próstata, é importante criar estratégias de prevenção com vistas a estilos de vida saudáveis.

Abstract Introduction Prostate cancer is a public health problem being the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. However, there is little information about this disease in indigenous people and therefore, current knowledge calls for urgent primary prevention. Objective To analyze the prevalence of prostate cancer risk factors and symptoms in indigenous men in Centro, Tabasco. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted with 281 Chontal men aged 40 years and older from the communities of Tamulté de las Sabanas, Aniceto and Tocoalt. The Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire and interviews for assessing risk factors were both implemented. Results 52.7% had no formal schooling at all, 47.7% were peasants at an average age of 55 years, 16.7% had moderate to severe prostatic symptoms. As for risk factors, 44.5% were classified to be at medium risk and 55.5% at high risk. Pearson's chi-squared test between variables age and prostatic symptoms showed an association of p=.000 and a value of p=.166 between age and risk factors. Younger men showed to have more risk factors associated. None had undergone comprehensive screening. Discussion and Conclusions Prevalence of prostatic symptoms found in older adults is consistent with other studies. Prevalence of risk factors in all participants is a matter of concern as these are the same risk factors observed in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. It is important to develop prevention strategies based on healthy lifestyles.

Resumen Introducción El cáncer de próstata, es un problema de salud pública, la neoplasia que se diagnostica con mayor frecuencia y segunda causa de muerte en los hombres. Poco se sabe de este problema en población indígena, por lo cual, los conocimientos actuales son demandantes en la prevención primaria. Objetivo analizar la prevalencia de sintomatología prostática y factores de riesgo entre varones indígenas, Centro, Tabasco. Material y Métodos estudio descriptivo correlacional, diseño transversal, muestra de 281 hombres de la etnia chontal de 40 y más años de las comunidades; Tamulté de las Sabanas, Aniceto y Tocoalt. Se utilizó el cuestionario de síntomas prostáticos y entrevista de factores de riesgo. Resultados 52.7% sin escolaridad, 47.7% son campesinos, edad media 55 años, 16.7% con sintomatología prostática de moderada a severa. Factores de riesgo; 44.5% mediano y 55.5% alto riesgo. La prueba de Chi cuadrada de Pearson entre la variable edad y sintomatología prostática tuvo una asociación de p=.000. Un valor de p=.166 entre la edad y los factores de riesgo; hombres de menor edad presentaron más factores de riesgo. Ninguno se ha realizado los exámenes de detección integral. Discusión y conclusiones coincide con otros estudios la prevalencia de síntomas prostáticos en adultos mayores, es preocupante la prevalencia de factores de riesgo en todos los participantes, mismos que se han observado en hombres con diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata, es importante crear estrategias de prevención con miras en los estilos de vida saludable.

Abstract Malnutrition is a problem that affects rural communities worldwide. Maize is a food whose intake and nutritional quality is essential for the growth and development of infants. Maize protein quality is poor due to amino acid deficiencies such as lysine and tryptophan, which has generated the development of the so-called quality protein maize (QPM). Chemical and nutritional characterization of the Sac Béh and Chichén Itzá maize hybrids was performed. The proximal analysis, minerals Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and P, fatty acid and amino acid profiles were determined. Protein quality was also evaluated by the determination of in vitro digestibility and chemical score, limiting amino acid, protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), calculated protein efficiency ratio (c-PER), and the biological value (BV). In hybrid varieties, an increase in protein was demonstrated. They were high oil corn (HOC) with 7 % lipids. A higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) than saturated fatty acids (SFA) was found with an improvement in the quality of the oil, and the mineral content maintained. The protein quality was superior with respect to the native predecessors, with higher levels of lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and isoleucine, with greater digestibility and with double biological value.

Resumen La desnutrición es un problema que afecta a las comunidades rurales. El maíz es alimento básico cuya ingesta es esencial para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los infantes. La calidad proteínica del maíz es pobre debido a la deficiencia de aminoácidos como lisina y triptófano, por lo cual, se han desarrollado maíces de calidad de proteína (denominados QPM). Por lo que en el presente estudio, se realizó la caracterización química y nutrimental de los granos de maíz híbrido Sac Béh y Chichén Itzá, determinando la composición químico proximal, los minerales Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na y P; el perfil de ácidos grasos y de aminoácidos. Se evaluó la calidad de la proteína mediante la digestibilidad “in vitro” y cómputo químico, aminoácido limitante, la puntuación de aminoácidos corregido con digestibilidad de proteínas (PDCAAS), la relación de eficiencia de proteína calculada (c-PER) y el valor biológico (VB). Se demostró un aumento de proteínas y alto contenido de aceite con 7 % de lípidos. Se encontró un mayor contenido de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (MUFA) que saturados (SFA) y se mantuvo el contenido mineral. La calidad de la proteína fue superior con respecto a los predecesores, con mayores niveles de lisina, triptófano, fenilalanina e isoleucina, mayor digestibilidad y el doble de valor biológico.

This study examined the effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the production of biomass and metabolites with antimicrobial activity of Pseudoalteromonas sp cultured at 0, 150, 250, or 450 revolutions per minute (rev. min-1). Dissolved oxygen (D.O) was monitored during the fermentation process, biomass was quantified by dry weight, and antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method. The bacterium Pseudoalteromonas reached similar concentration of biomass under all experimental agitation conditions, whereas antimicrobial activity was detected at 0 and 150 rev. min-1 registering 0% and 12% of D.O respectively corresponding to microaerophilic conditions. Antibiotic activity was severely diminished when D.O was above 20% of saturation; this corresponded to 250 or 450 rev. min-1. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 80 kilodaltons (kDa) with antimicrobial activity. Pseudoalteromonas is capable of growing under oxic and microaerophilic conditions but the metabolites with antimicrobial activity are induced under microaerophilic conditions. The current opinion is that Pseudoalteromonas are aerobic organisms; we provide additional information on the amount of dissolved oxygen during the fermentation process and its effect on antimicrobial activity.